专访挪威华裔记者庞雪琦
挪威晚邮报Aftenposten在去年圣诞节期间推出了一项“圣诞日历”的人物专题。该专题采访了24名有不同国家背景的挪威籍青年，以每天一位人物的形式刊登在报纸以及网站上。其中首位人物就是一名来自中国的女孩，庞雪琦。我们在阅读了这个专题以后觉得非常有趣，尤其是在关于他们身份背景问题的回答上面，可以看到很不一样的态度和观点，推荐各位读者亲自去阅读，请用google搜索“aftenposten julekalender”.
于是我们采访了这位本身也是新闻记者的庞雪琦，来聊一聊她眼里的挪威。
人物档案
姓名：Xueqi Pang 庞雪琦
年龄：22
工作：Universitas以及Utrop记者
教育：HiOA新闻本科
祖籍：浙江舟山
图片由Andrian Nilsen提供。
T：
You came to our sight first when we saw your story at Aftenposten. So why and how did they choose you as one the of the 24 people?
我们最开始注意到你是因为aftenposten在去年圣诞期间推出的采访24名有移民背景的青年的专题。所以，是什么原因让他们选择了你？
P：
I believe they chose me because I wrote a commentary piece on whitewashing in
Hollywood where I criticized and encouraged Disney and Sony to choose an Asian
person to play Mulan in the upcoming movies
(http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/sid/Kjare-Disney_-la-Mulan-vare-kinesisk–Xueqi-Pang-607705b.html). That piece got published a couple months before the advent calendar. I think they really appreciated a loud Chinese opinionated female voice and asked me to open the advent calendar.
我相信他们选择我的原因是因为我曾经写了一篇批评好莱坞电影洗白的评论文章。我在文章里面呼吁迪士尼和索尼公司能够选择一名真正的亚洲人来演他们接下来准备开拍的花木兰的角色。然后这篇文章在aftenposten推出这个专题前就发表了。所以我想他们注意到了我，作为一个有中国背景的女性的声音，然后选择了采访我作为圣诞特刊的一部分。
T：
You are studying journalism at HiAO, so why are you interested in this subject?
你在HiOA学新闻记者专业，你为什么会对这个专业感兴趣？
(图片作者：Eskil Wie)
P：
I developed an early interest in literature and writing – both fictional and journalistic –
during my childhood. I love watching documentaries about subcultures, religions and
nature, that I soon decided I also wanted to document the world too. Journalism is about documenting and bringing information to the people. That is I want to do.
我从小就对文学以及写作很感兴趣，也包括小说和新闻。 我很喜欢有关宗教，亚文化以及自然的纪录片，我也想通过自己来记录这个世界。记者这个行业就是有关记录以及把信息呈现给大众的。所以我选择了这个专业。
T：
You are a journalist at Universitas, so as a professional media worker, how do you
see the press environment in Norway? It is a big question, so let me give you some examples. In some countries, they have problems of censorship from government,
religion or other group, is there any censorship in Norway? And what are they? While in some other countries, they have problem of being too sponsor-driven or profit driven. Advertisers either influence them or they are producing to many sensational stories to gain attention. Amusing Ourselves to Death, as Neil Postmans said, do you see these problems in Norway? Another problem is, for some media, they may try to keep neutral, but the journalists have big prejudice or bias on some agenda. Do you see these problems in Norway?
你在Universitas担任记者，所以可以说是一个专业的媒体从业人员。你怎么描述挪威的媒体环境？我知道这个问题很大，我可以给你一些例子。比如在有些国家，媒体会受到来自政府，宗教以及其他团体的审查和干预。挪威有这样的事情吗？如果有的话是哪些？而在有些国家，媒体过于追求利润，被广告商赞助商影响报道一些耸人听闻的故事，正如尼尔波特曼说的娱乐至死。你觉得挪威有这些问题吗？还有个问题是，即使有些媒体会尽力保持客观中立，但不可避免在有些议程上带有偏见和刻板现象，在挪威是否也存在这些问题。
P：
I am actually a photojournalist at the biggest student newspaper in Norway –
Universitas, but I do work both as a freelance journalist and photojournalist at Utrop, the multicultural newspaper based in Oslo. I think the press environment I Norway is, overall, very good. Of course there are some issues that are either looked over or taboo to write about, but if the right journalists decide to attack an issue, they are free to do so. My lecturers encourage us to write what is hard to write about. I personally don’t feel any limits as a Norwegian journalist. About sponsor-driven journalism, we are looking at one of the modern types of journalism that is something that will stay for now. The economy around journalism is not great, and we are to see more of sponsor contents and so called “click baits”. The money journalism get from sponsors can then later produce important journalistic investigative and critical projects.
事实上我是挪威最大的学生报纸的图片记者，但我同时也是Utrop报的自由撰稿人以及图片记者。我觉得挪威的媒体环境总体来讲非常好。当然也有一些问题被忽略了，或者说是禁忌。我的老师鼓励我多去写不太容易写的内容。我个人觉得在挪威，作为一个记者没有什么顾虑和界限。说到受广告商的影响，这其实是一种还是会继续的现代的新闻产业。新闻业的经济收入情况并不是那么理想，我们只能利用一些所谓的标题党来博取眼球赚取更多的赞助来支持相关往后的重要的新闻调查及争议性议题。
T：
What about media coverage about China in Norway? What are Norwegian media are focusing on China? How do you rate or evaluate those coverages? Bad, good or bias?
在挪威关于中国的新闻报道是怎样的? 挪威媒体对中国关注的点是什么? 你是如何评价这些新闻报道的? 好，坏还是有偏见的?
(图片作者：Eskil Wie)
P：
I think there are few news coverages about China in Norway or Chinese people in
Norway. But when there is any form of coverage, it can be biased. Often showing the
worst sides of the country. For instance, the focus on China’s animal policies and
treatment. Especially the Yulin-dog meat festival that puts China in a bad light, when it really only represents the one percent of the people.
Myself, I wish the Norwegian press gave the Chinese people in Norway more coverage than the country China itself. I see very few Norwegian Chinese faces in media which is sad and not encourign other Eastern-Asian people to involve in the public debate.
我认为在挪威有关中国或中国人的新闻报道相对较少。但是一旦有相关的新闻报道，都多少存在一些偏见，经常只展现中国最差的一面。特别是玉林狗肉节让中国人名声扫地，但是这真的只是代表极少数人。
我自己希望挪威媒体可以给予中国人民更多的新闻报道而不是完全只针对国家。我很少看到有挪威华裔从事媒体工作，这让我很失望，同时我也希望东亚人能更多地融入进公共议题。
T：
China and Norway has normalized the relationship last December, what do you see in the Norwegian media?
中国与挪威关系在十二月宣布正常化，你认为这样的变化会怎样能体现在挪威媒体上?
(图片作者：Eskil Wie)
P：
That is too early for me to say. I haven’t really seen much coverage about the two
countries’ relationship.
现在下让我下定论还有些为时过早。我并没有看到太多关于两国关系的新闻报道。
T：
China has made a new TV group called China Global Television Network, CGTN,
which offer news in multiple languages. It is actually on Getbox in Norway now, have you watched it?
中国新成立了一个名为CGTV的国际电视台机构，在挪威也可以收看到。你有看过吗？
P：
I haven’t seen it because I never watch traditional television anymore. I do read some alternative online news stories about China.
我没见过，因为我从来不看传统的电视了。我的确在网上阅读过一些与中国有关的新闻。
T：
China has put a lot of effort to gain more international media power, they call it as media battle, so in your opinion, what can be done to help with it?
中国花了很大的力气去提高国际舆论的影响力，这被称之为舆论战，你认为在这方面如何做得更好?
P：
I am not a media expert, and I don’t feel I have enough experience, knowledge or
academic excellence to answer this question.
我并不是一个媒体专家，我觉得自己并没有足够的经验知识和学术理论来回应这个问题。
T：
What brought your parents here in Norway? I mean Norway is not famous in China.
请问你的父母是怎么想到要来挪威的? 挪威在普遍中国人心目中还是一个相对小众的国家。
P：
My immigration story is very typical. My dad got a job offer as a cook in a restaurant. My mother was pregnant with me at the time, and followed after my dad after my birth. She got a job as waitress after a few years. When they had made enough money, they bought a restaurant. There are quite a few Chinese people from my home place,
Zhoushan, in Norway.
我家的移民经历也和一般情况差不多。我的父亲得到了一个餐馆厨师的职位，我母亲当时怀孕，等我出生之后便跟随我父亲来到了挪威，她也在餐厅当了好几年服务员。当他们两个攒够钱，便买下了一间餐馆。在挪威有不少中国移民跟我来自同一地方，那就是浙江舟山。
T：
Do you speak or read Chinese? What is your name in Chinese? Do you visit China
regularly? What differences have you seen in China?
那你会说或者看得懂中文吗? 你的中文名字是? 你会定期回中国吗?
P：
I do speak Chinese, but at a very low level. My Chinese name is 庞雪琦 (Pang Xue Qi). I visit China approximately once every two years. Last time was summer 2016.
我会说一点中文，但只是很基本。我中文名字叫庞雪琦。我一般两年回一次中国，上一次是2016年的暑假。
T：
Which Chinese foods do you like best?
你最喜欢的中国菜是什么?
P：
I love my grandparent’s cooking. Crabs, buns, fried wonton, fried rice, Peking duck. I
also like more westernized Chinese food such as fried chicken in sweet-sour sauce.
我最喜欢我外公外婆做的菜。螃蟹，馒头，炸馄饨，北京烤鸭。我也喜欢西式改良的中国菜，像是炸鸡配上甜辣酱。
T：
What do you like or not like about China? The same question for Norway.
你有什么喜欢或者不喜欢中国的地方? 还有挪威。
P：
What I like about China is the culture, the arts and the history. I am very proud of my
Chinese heritage and I think the country is geographically beautiful. I don’t like China
when it comes to gender roles and stereotyping the female and males. Norway has a
very open view on gender. I am very proud of Norway, it’s an open minded nation. I also like Norway’s nature and the clean air.
我喜欢中国的文化，艺术和历史。我对中国的传统文化感到很骄傲，中国也是一个美丽的国家。但是我不喜欢中国的性别歧视，一些刻板的重男轻女的论调。挪威是一个性别非常平等开放的国家。我很自豪挪威是一个如此开放的国家。我也很喜欢挪威的自然风光和干净的空气。
T：
Does your Chinese background give you any difference in Norway? I mean both
benefit or trouble that it brings to you.
你的中国背景是否给你在挪威生活带来一些不同? 我意思是对你生活带来的好处或者坏处。
P：
As a child I used to get bullied for my Chinese background because kids are mean and immature or because their parents taught them it is okay to make fun of people of minority background. But today, I hardly feel my background is problem. I rather consider it as an advantage. I can view the world from two perspectives. My cultural background has made me a more empathic person because I can relate to both ethnic Norwegians and Chinese. Even other minorities from all over world. I am a richer person because this.
我小时候因为自己是个中国人所以受到了一些欺负，因为一些孩子刻薄不成熟或是因为他们的父母觉得这样取笑少数的有色人种并没有什么大不了的。但是现在，我觉得背景并不是什么问题。我甚至认为这可能是一种优势。我可以从两个角度来看待世界。我的文化背景让我成为一个更能感受世界的人因为我同时是挪威人也是中国人。因为比世界上其他人拥有更多特殊的结合体，我认为自己是个富有的人。
T：
Some media have stereotype of Chinese parenting. The “tiger mother” of
AMY
CHUA obviously has strengthened this. How do you view the family education given by your parents? In what way they are doing well or not? Do you consider your parents as kind of tiger parents? What difference do you see in original Norwegian family?
一些媒体对中国式家长有刻板的印象。AMY CHUA虎妈的形象更印证了这点。你是如何看待你爸妈给你的家庭教育? 你觉得他们这样的方式好还是不好? 你觉得你父母是虎爸虎妈么? 你觉得中国式家庭和传统挪威家庭有什么不同?
P：
None of my parents are what we call “tiger moms” or dads. Although I think I might end up as a minor tiger mom myself. I don’t know if that is bad or good…
Luckily for me, my mother and grandparents have always encouraged me be whatever I like in life. Of course they have also hoped for me to become a lawyer or a doctor, but all of us can’t chase the stereotypes and become doctors. They did indeed make it clear for me since grade one, that education and school are always the main priorities. My parents and elders have always wanted me to be happy first, then rich second, haha!
我的父母既不是虎妈也没有虎爸，虽然我觉得我自己今后可能会是个虎妈。我并不知道这个有什么好还是不好。很幸运的是，我母亲和祖父母一直鼓励我成为一个自己想做的人。当然，他们也希望我能成为一名律师，但是我们都没有追随传统的价值观然后去当医生。但是他们的确从一年级开始就让我明确的意识到学习永远是第一位的。我的父母和长辈们都希望我快乐第一，赚钱第二，哈哈。
T：
You were educated in Norway, so how do you rate the Norwegian education
system? What is bad and what is good?
你从小在挪威学习的，你是如何评价挪威的教育制度? 哪里好哪里不好。
P：
I’ve never gone to Chinese school so it’s not in my place to compare the Chinese and
the Norwegian school system. But I’m quite satisfied with the education I have received here and I feel lucky to live here and receive free higher education.
我从来都没去过中国学校，所以我没法比较中国和挪威的教育制度。不过，我对在挪威接受的教育相当满意，我也觉得自己很幸运能在这得到免费的高等教育。
T：
Let´s talk about bullying. Have you heard or seen this in school, and how school or parents solve this?
让我们来说说霸凌。你有没有在学校里听过或者看过类似的事情，然后学校或家长是如何处理此类问题的?
P：
As a child that grew up with a Chinese background, appearance and heritage, of course I was bullied in my youth. But most of the bullying ended in high school and in college and university I’ve rarely experienced openly bullying. But once in a while, I do experience offensive stereotyping and comments that is aimed at my minority
background. I don’t really care about these comments because I feel sorry for these
people that is not culturally advanced enough to step up from racial slurs and ignorance. As I child I rarely told me parents about the bullying that was aimed at my background, in fear they will separate themselves even more from the Norwegians. They always felt they were treated different in the society. Some sort of self-bullying. I didn’t want them to have more reasons to believe they wasn’t equal to anyone else, no matter nationality.
作为一个中国背景的孩子，因为长相原因，我小时候也受到了不少的欺负。但是这些欺负到高中就结束了，在大学期间我很少有被明显欺负的感觉。但有段时间，我是经历了不少因为我是少数亚裔背景而引发的无礼的刻板印象以及评价。我从不在乎这些评价，因为我对这些人觉得惋惜，可惜他们文化内涵不够来跨出这些种族歧视和无知。我小时候很少跟父母抱怨因为我是亚裔而受欺负的事情，而且怕他们会因此更不想要跟挪威人接触。他们一直觉得自己在社会上受到不平等的待遇。这其实也有点自欺欺人的意味。所以我更不想让他们觉得因为国籍背景而觉得受到不平等的待遇。